Otorhinolaryngology (Greek us, ōt [os]) ear + rhis, rhin [os] nose + larynx, laryng [os] larynx + logos teaching) is a field of clinical medicine that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of diseases of the ear, nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and the throat and develops methods for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases. Independent sections of otorhinolaryngology are audiology, which examines hearing and hearing disorders; audiology, which studies the origin and clinical manifestations of hearing loss and deafness and develops methods for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention; phoniatrics, which develops methods of treatment and prevention of dysfunctions of the vocal apparatus.